LITTERATURSTUDIUM

NORSK: Rapporten er skrevet for å gi de norske hydrogeologene som deltar i prosjektet "2 1/2-dimensjonale, Tids-variant, grunnvannsstrømningsmodell - Trandum området" en kort innføring i numerisk grunnvannsmodellering. Dette er et samarbeidsprosjekt mellom NGU og IBM Scientific Centre Bergen. Rapporten gjør rede for numerisk modellering, "recharge" modellering og gir en kort oversikt over tidligere arbeider med grunnvannsmodellering i Skandinavia. ENGELSK: This report is intended as a brief introduction to numerical groundwater modelling for the Norwegian hydrogeologists involved in the cooperative project between NGU and IBM Scientific Centre Bergen to produce a 2 1/2-dimensional groundwater flow model of the Trandum area of the Øvre Romerike aquifer. The report introduces the concepts of numerical modelling and recharge modelling and also summaries previous groundwater modelling work in Scandinavia.

Norway is particularly susceptible to potential pollution of its water resources by heavy metals due to: (i) the importance of its fishing and water-related interests, (ii) the large number of industries, including mining, which produce heavy metal-containing wastes, (iii) the significant number of landfill sites inadequately protected against leaching of heavy metals into underlying aquifers or surface drainage waters. Microbes, including bacteria, can immobilise high levels of heavy metals, and there is evidence that microbially related processes can be competitive with existing methods for treat- ment of heavy metal-contaminated water. Ferromanganese-depositing bacteria have been used in biological systems for the removal of iron and manganese from drinking water, and in processes for the treatment of acidic, iron-rich mine-drainage waters. Evidence from the literature and from recent studies suggests that these ubiquitous organisms have potential for use in the treatment of other heavy metal-contaminated water e.g. landfill leachate. More detailed studies are necessary before a full assessment of their potential can be made.

The ultimate objective of this project is to contribute directly to establishing necessary confidence that the CO2 in specific geological storage sites will be effectively retained for a time scale of thousands of years. This project will address the specific needs of 3rd party independent verification of geologic storage sites.
This document focuses on Sub Project 1 (SP1): Focused procedures for evaluation of the leak potential of discrete leak paths.
Tasks in Work package 1.1: Compilation of estimation procedures for discrete leak paths: Literature review, Develop calculation procedures.
The emphasis will be on the ability to map and describe discrete leakage paths before they can be represented in integrated simulation models.
This document aims to describe in detail the procedures to be applied by a verifier of a potential CO2 geologic storage site as related to identifying all discrete leakage pathways, including all relevant faults, fractures, thief zones and wellbores, as well as their key characteristics, in order to judge to which extent that these might compromise the storage containment requirements of the site.