KARBONATITT

Rare Earth Elements (REE) are metals that are classified as critical for the European industry. They are
fundamentally important in the manufacturing of High-tech and green technology products. Today
almost the total world REE-mining is controlled by China. REE deposits in Europe are few and none of
them are in production. Fe-dolomite carbonatite (“rauhaugites”) in the Fen Carbonatite Complex in
Telemark, Norway, has for some years been known to host abundant REE-minerals. The knowledge of
this rock type has, however, been limited to the near surface environment. In 2017 the Ministry of Trade,
Industry and Fisheries funded a reconnaissance core-drilling program to test the continuation of the Fedolomite carbonatite at depth. Two rock cores, 1001 and 716 metres long, were recovered at the drillsites, LHKB-1 (near Fen old school) and LHKB-2 (east of Søve) respectively. Core LHKB-1 consists
almost only of Fe-dolomite carbonatites down to 1001 metres depth. Core LHKB-2 also consists of Fedolomite carbonatite from top to bottom, but cross-cutting damtjernite (a lamprophyric rock) occur in
some intervals. Scattered REE-mineralizations are abundant in both drill-cores. Rare Earth Elementminerals are REE-fluorocarbonates (bastnaesite, parisite-synchysite), and subordinate REE-phosphate
(monazite). The LHKB-2 core is generally richer in REE (median TRE2O3 1.70 wt%) than the LHKB-1
(median TRE2O3 1.08 wt%). The thorium content is low (median 181.5 and 128.5 ppm in LHKB-1 and 2
respectively) in these Fe-dolomite carbonatites compared to the Fen rødbergite. Geological,
hyperspectral and geochemical analyses of these two-reconnaissance drill-cores demonstrates that the
REE-bearing Fe-dolomite carbonatites extend at least down to a depth of 1000 metres. An industrial
exploration program of the Fen Complex should be considered. This report with appendices presents all
chemical and hyperspectral data available from these two reconnaissance cores, and thus serves as an
excellent basis for competent industry to plan an eventual exploration program.

Forkortet The ca. 2000 MA Tulomozerskaya Formation, Russian Karelia, representests the most 13C-rich carbonates (up to +18%)which have ever been reported. The implication of this excursion for our understanding of the coeval global geodynamic carbon cycle is not clear, but the interpretation of the maximum....

Karbonatitt ogassosierte bergarter i Lillebukt alkaline kompleks er undersøkt for naturlig radioaktivitet og kjemiske sammensetning spesielt med tanke på thorium. I felt ble det brukt et scintillometer og en bærbar XRF for å måle dette. Den naturlige radioaktiviteten er meget lav og ikke høyere enn normal bakgrunnsstråling.
Lillebukt alkaline kompleks består av følgende hovedbergartstyper: gabbro, pyroksenitt, karbonatitt, nefelinsyenitt og nefelinsyenittpegmatitt. På disse bergarter ble det målt naturlig radioaktivitet fra 15 til maksimalt 60 tellinger pr sekund (c/s). Høyeste verdi ble målt i nefelinsyenitt, som følge av et høyt naturlig innhold av kaliumfeltspat. Bærbar XRF påviste ikke Th eller U i bergartene i signifikante mengder oer deteksjonsgrensen med unntak av store biotittkrystaller der U-innholdet kan være opptil 100 ppm. Bergartsprøver analysert med XRF på NGUs lab. inneholder i gjennomsnitt 10 og 21 ppm av henholdsvis Th og U. Innholdet av sjeldne jordarter (REE) og andre sporelementer er lavt, unntatt Sr og Ba som er relativt høyt. Analyser etter oppløsning med kongevann og IPC-MS, samt neutronaktivering utført ved ACME lab i Canada, viser ingen prøver med forhøyde verdier på Th eller U.
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This report gives an overview of the geology, the history of investigations and all previous data (now in digital form) on the distribution of P2O5 and apatite in the Lillebukt Alkaline Complex (LAC) and some selected adjacent areas. The LAC is situated on the southern central part of the island Stjernøy in the Altafjord 45 km NW of Alta. The complex comprises an area of about 13 km2 where the main rocks: hornblende clinopyroxenite, alkalisyenite and carbonatite occur in a crudely concentric pattern. In addition, large intrusions of nephelinesyenite occur in the southern part of the complex. All these rocks are post-dated by nepheline syenite pegmatites and by several generations of mafic dykes. We have a data set of 280 bulk rock analyses. The bulk of the samples are from the carbonatite and the hornblende clinopyroxenite, the two rock units in which significant contents of apatite are found. The carbonatites (218 analyses) have an average P2O5 content of 2.33%, with a maximum value of 6.45%, but only 23 samples have levels above 6% P2O5. The pyroxenites (56 analyses) have an average P2O5 content of 2.35 and a maximum value of 13.49%. 4 samples have P2O5 above 8%. All our data combined give an average P2O5 of 2.38% equal to 5.62 weight % of apatite. In well-exposed and well-sampled areas of about 300x300 meters, the spatial distribution of samples gives an average P2O5 of 3.00% in the carbonatite. The contents of heavy metals such as As and Cd are below their detection limits of 10ppm.
We believe that our dataset is sufficiently large and representative that it gives accurate information on the P2O5 and apatite contents of the relevant rocks within the Lillebukt Alkaline Complex on Stjernøy. A CD with the total analytical data is included together with this report.

This report gives an overview of the geology, the history of investigations and all previous data (now in digital form) on the distribution of P2O5 and apatite in the Lillebukt Alkaline Complex (LAC) and some selected adjacent areas.

This report presents a chemical analysis of apatite from pyroxenite in the Lillebukt alkaline complex together with older analytical data on REE in apatite from the associated carbonatite. Published REE data on apatite from Siilinjärvi are also presented for comparison.
The apatite shows a strong enrichment in REE, up to 3000-4000 times chondritic values for LREE. The total REE (including Y) in apatite from the pyroxenite is 3605 ppm and in the carbonatite 3416 ppm. However these values are not directly comparable since there is a difference in the number of analysed elements.
When compared, the apatites from carbonatite (Stjernøy and Siilinjärvi) show slightly lower LREE, elevated MREE and lower HREE than apatite from the pyroxenite.

This report documents the petrography of a limited sample set consisting of 12 specimens from the Fen complex, Telemark, South Norway. The samples comprise several, texturally variable calciocarbonatites (søvite), one Fe-rich carbonatite (rauhaugite), two magnetite-rich rødbergites, a silico-carbonate rock ("vipetoite") and a lamprophyre termed damtjernite. Major REE minerals are LREE carbonates and monazite in the søvite and rødbergite and LREE carbonates in the rauhaugite and damtjernite. The LREE are enriched to greater degrees (up to 4000-fold in the rødbergite and an inclusion-rich søvite) and lowest contents for Lu, a HREE, were found in a relatively fine-grained søvite sample, corresponding to a 2-fild enrichment relative to primitive mantle. The sum of all REE is as high as 15950 ppm in the REE-richest sample, a rødbergite, alnd lowest (715 ppm) in a søvite. The concentration of Th tend to correlate positively with the sum of the REE and are 1470 ppm in the REE-richest rødbergite and <20 ppm in the søvite. Uranium is as high as 114 ppm in the søvite and 20 ppm or less in the other lithologies.

Rare Earth Elements (REE) are metals that are classified as critical for the European industry. They are fundamentally important in the manufacturing of HiTech and green technology products. Today almost the total world REE-mining is controlled by China. REE deposits in Europe are few and none of them are in production. The Fe-dolomite carbonatites (“rauhaugites”) in the Fen Carbonatite Complex in Telemark, Norway, has for some years been known to host abundant REE-minerals. The knowledge of this rock type has, however, been limited to the near surface environment. In 2017 the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries funded a reconnaissance core-drilling program to test the continuation of the Fedolomite carbonatite at depth. Two rock cores, 1001 and 716 metres long, were recovered at the drillsites, LHKB-1 (near Fen old school) and LHKB-2 (east of Søve) respectively. Core LHKB-1 consists almost only of Fe-dolomite carbonatites down to 1001 metres depth. Core LHKB-2 also consists of Fedolomite carbonatite from top to bottom, but cross-cutting damtjernites (a lamprophyric rock) occur in some intervals. Scattered REE-mineralizations are abundant in both drill-cores. Rare Earth Elementminerals are REE-fluorocarbonates (bastnaesite, parisite-synchysite), and subordinate REE-phosphate (monazite). The LHKB-2 core is generally richer in REE (median TRE2O3 1.70 wt%) than the LHKB-1 (median TRE2O3 1.08 wt%). The thorium content is low (median 181.5 and 128.5 ppm in LHKB-1 and 2 respectively) in these Fe-dolomite carbonatites compared to the Fen rødbergite. Geological, hyperspectral and geochemical analyses of these two reconnaissance drill-cores demonstrates that the REE-bearing Fe-dolomite carbonatites extend at least down to a depth of 1000 metres. An industrial exploration program of the Fen Complex should be considered. This report with appendices presents all chemical and hyperspectral data available from these two reconnaissance cores, and thus serves as an excellent basis for competent industry to plan an eventual exploration program.