AREALBRUK

Increasing urbanisation challenges the sustainability and resilience of cit-ies world-wide. At the same time, often overlooked are the resources and opportunities in the ground beneath cities.

This is one of the reasons why a European network of specialists joined together with the aim of improving the understanding and use of under-ground space. The participants of COST Sub-Urban Action (2013-2017) display a cross-section of skills and knowledge of subsurface issues in 31 European countries and 26 cities. After sharing their experiences, the common pathways (and pitfalls) to good planning became more evident. A key recommendation from this Action was improving communication between urban subsurface experts and urban planners...

There has been some discussion concerning classification and definition of
rapid mass movements and related deposits. There seems to be a need for a
clearer systematization and division of the processes and deposits. Vi have
thus developed a classificiation system for rapid mass movements and related
deposits in alpine areas. The system is divided into four groups after the
type process involved: (1) Rockslide/rockfall; (2) Snow avalanche; (3) Debris
flow; and (4) Flash flood. The different processes result in deposits with
characteristic surface features. Knowledge about these features is important
during general mapping projects, because these can point out which slope
processes act in different areas. We have made suggestions as to how symbols
can be used on maps. These data will be of practical use in natural-hazard
mapping projects for land-use planning.

The superficial deposits within the area of map-sheet Siljan, southeastern Norway, are classified and described. Most of the hilly areas are dominated by exposed bedrock or a thin and discontinuous cover of till. In the main valleys, beow the marine limit (c. 160-180 m a.s.l.), fine-grained marine sediments and fluvial deposits dominate. Glaciofluvial deposits exist in Siljandalen and Lågendalen as well as in the tributary valley Hærlandsdalen. Ice movements and the course of deglaciation are reconstructed. The oldest ice movements were towards the south, later turning towards SSE and SE. Features associated with gacial events marking small advances or halts of the ice-front during the deglaciation in late Younger Dryas and early Preboreal time have been detected within map-area. The Geiteryggen Ice-marginal deposits are correlated with the Ski Ice-marginal deposits in the Oslofjord region and dated to c. 10 000 years B.P. The mapped area was ice-free 9,850-9,800 years B.P. Short accounts are given on shorelines and shore-level displacement. The potential for different utilization of the superficial deposits is also briefly discussed.

The superficial Quaternary deposits occuring within the map-sheet area have been classified and mapped according to their genesis. Fine-grained marine deposits dominates in the main valley below the highest postglacial sea-level. c. 1973 m a.s.l. Numerous glaciofluvially ice-contact deposits are situated in the main valley too, but only the nothernmost was built up to the sea level (true deltas). During the postglacial isostatic uplift, the rivers retransported the glaciofluvial deposits and most of this material was deposited as regression-deltas at lower levels. Above the highest sea level quaternary deposits are almost lacking except for scattered till.
Løsmasse og arealbruk: The utilization and evaluation of the superficial deposits with regards to cultivation, forestry, waste disposal, engineering, groundwater, sand and gravel resources and nature conservation, are discussed. A field trip guide to the area is presented.

The superficial deposits within the map-sheet Kilebygd, southeastern Norway, are classified and described. Most of the area is dominated by exposed bedrock or a thin and discontinuous cover ot till. In the Nordsjø-Vollsfjorden and Skien basins, below the marine limit(c. 145 m a.s.l), fine-grained marine sediments dominate. A large glacifluvial deposit, Geiteryggen, exists at the eastern end of Nordsjø. Ice movements and the course of deglaciation are constructed. The oldest ice movement was towards SSE, later turning towards SE and ESE. Features associated with glacial events marking small advances or halts of the ice-front during the deglaciation in late Younger Dryas and early Preboreal time have been detected within the map-area. The Geiteryggen frontal deposit with the Ski Moraine in the Oslofjord region and dated to c. 10,000 years B.P. The mapped area was ice-free about 9,850-9,900 years B.P. Short accounts are given on shorelines, shorelevel displacement and pollen analysis. The potential for different utilization of the superficial deposits is also briefly discussed.

The superficial deposits within the area of map-sheet Reisadalen, 1734 III, in nothern Troms, North Norway, are classified according to their genesis and described. Ice movements and the course of deglaciation are reconstructed. The Reisafjord moraines are correlated with the Tromsø-Lyngen or the Ra moraines of Younger Dryas age. The younger Storbakken, Bergmo and Sappen moraines are of Preboral age, formed 9900-9800 B.P., 9700-9500 B.P. and 9400±250 B.P., respectively. Short accounts are given on shorelines, shore-level displacement and pollen analyses. Till and weathering material cover large areas of the mountainous regions. The bottom of the valley is filled with loose deposits with thicknesses up to 200 m. Large deposits of glaciofluvial and fluvial material represent valuable sand and gravel resources in the area. The potential for different utiliziation of the superficial deposits is also briefly discussed.

The superficial deposits within the map-sheet Nordatugu, southeastern Norway, are classified and described. Most of the mountainous areas are dominated by exposed bedrock or a thin and discontinuous cover of till. In the main valleys, below the marine limit (c. 150 m a.s.l.) fine-grained marine sediments dominate. Large glaciofluvial deposits exist in the valley of Saua, north of Nordsjø. Chemical analyses have been carried out on samples from the superficial deposits. Ice movements and the course of deglaciation have been reconstructed. The oldest ice movement was towards the south, later turning towards SE and ESE. During the deglaciation of the mapped are, there were three glacial events marking advances or halts of the ice-front. The Geitryggen event is correlated with the deposition of the Ski Moraine in the Osdlofjord region and dated to c. 10 000 years B.P. Most of the Nordagutu area was still covered by ice at this time. The younger Akkerhaugen and Nordagutu events have been dated to c. 9800-9750 years B.P., respectively. Short accounts are given on shorelines, shorelevel displacement and pollen analyses. The potential for different utilization of the superficial deposits is also briefly discussed.

The superficial deposits within the map-sheet are classified according to their genesis and described. Glacial striae indicate a southerly directed ice movement through most of Weichselian glaciation. Features developed during the deglaciation period are small and relatively few. Some properties of the main superficial deposits are given, such as grain- size distribution, lithological composition (till) and thickness. A brief account is also given on the value of qaternary geological maps for evaluation of land use, with some examples from this particular map-sheet.

The superficial deposits within the map-sheet are described and classified according to their genesis. Glacial striae indicate a southward ice movement through most of the Weichselian. There are few features preserved from the deglaciation period during the last glaciation. On the basis of grain-size distributions, lithological compositions and moraine morphology, some of the main types of till are discussed. A brief account is also given on Qaternary geological maps and land use.

I samarbeid med generalplanleggeren i Narvik kommune, er det foretatt kvartærgeologisk kartlegging i målestokk 1:10 000 av Håvik - Håvikdalen, Beisfjord, Hergot - Nygård - Trældal og Øyjordområdet, samt Rombaksbotn i målestokk 1:5 000. Det er foretatt undersøkelser av sand/grus-ressursene på de aktuelle steder med henblikk på anvendelse til tekniske formål, (betongtilslag, veimateriale). De beste og mest lovende forekomstene for utnyttelse synes å være i Beisfjord og Hergotområdet. Massene i Rombaksbotn er av varierende kvalitet og bør av naturvernmessige hensyn bevares inntil videre. Det samme gjelder Langstrandåsen som bør sikres for inngrep. Grunnforholdene i Håkvik er grovt vurdert. Leirområdene i nedre Håkvik må karakteriseres som svak byggegrunn. Det vil si at bebyggelse kan gjennomføres rent teknisk, men at det ved større byggevirksomhet må gjøres detaljerte geotekniske undersøkelser. På Djupdalsmoa er det gjort undersøkelser i forbindelse med anleggelse av søppelplass.